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Human traffickers charge varying amounts to smuggle victims into Europe, depending on the route and services provided. Understanding these fees and the countries most impacted by human trafficking can shed light on this critical issue.
Central and Western Mediterranean Routes
In recent years, the fee to smuggle migrants to Italy by boat has ranged from EUR 1,300 to EUR 1,800 per person. The Western Mediterranean route, covering departures from various points, sees fees ranging from EUR 500 to EUR 3,000 per person.
Western Balkan Routes
Fees for smuggling from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Slovenia are about EUR 3,000, with costs escalating to between EUR 5,000 and 8,000 for routes leading to Italy or Spain.
Other Routes
From Turkey to Greece, the cost ranges between EUR 2,000 and 2,500 per person. Smuggling from Vietnam to Germany is significantly higher, ranging from EUR 13,000 to 21,000 per person.
Key Countries of Origin for Migrants to Europe
Tunisia
Tunisia has become a major departure point for migrants heading to Italy. In 2023, Tunisia accounted for two-thirds of all migrants and refugees arriving in Italy. Most of these migrants are from sub-Saharan African countries, including Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Cameroon.
Guinea
Political instability and economic challenges in Guinea drive many to use Tunisia as a transit point to reach Europe.
Côte d’Ivoire
This country is a significant source of migrants due to political upheaval and economic difficulties, with many traveling through North Africa to reach Europe.
Burkina Faso
Economic hardship and security issues lead many from Burkina Faso to migrate, often using routes through neighboring countries before reaching Europe.
Mali
Mali serves as both a source and transit country for migrants, with many seeking better opportunities by traveling through Niger, Libya, or Morocco.
Cameroon
Political instability and economic difficulties in Cameroon result in many migrants using Tunisia as a transit point.
Other Notable Sources of Migrants
Morocco and Algeria
These North African countries are significant sources of migrants, primarily driven by economic reasons.
Egypt
Many Egyptians migrate seeking improved economic conditions.
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ongoing conflicts and economic challenges make this country a notable source of migrants.
Asian Countries
Afghanistan and Syria, driven by conflict and instability, contribute a significant number of migrants and asylum seekers. Turkey, Bangladesh, and India also see substantial migration to Europe, mainly for economic opportunities.
Other Regions
Venezuela and Colombia face political and economic crises, driving many to migrate to Europe. Georgia and Albania also contribute to the migrant population, with individuals seeking better living conditions and job opportunities.
Summary
Migrants to Europe come from a wide array of countries, primarily driven by economic hardship, political instability, and conflict. Key countries of origin include Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Afghanistan, Syria, Turkey, Bangladesh, India, Venezuela, Colombia, Georgia, and Albania. These migration patterns reflect the diverse and complex nature of global migration flows.